To understand the New Zealand schooling system, start by thinking of it as being divided into a number of parts, based approximately on student age:
- Early Childhood (under 5)
- Primary (5 to 11)
- Intermediate (11 to 13)
- Secondary (13 to 17)
- Tertiary (18 through adulthood).
Then understand that the boundaries between these parts are not necessarily always rigid. For example, some so-called “Primary” schools will hold children of “Intermediate” age until they move straight from “Primary” School to “Secondary” School. Or, some rural areas with small populations may have “District High Schools” which combine Primary, Intermediate and Secondary functions. All schools hold a high degree of autonomy, with genuine power in the hands of locally elected Committees and Boards so they tend to operate flexibly within the general rules in ways that are responsive to the communities they serve. New Zealanders on the whole like this degree of flexibility, and are normally very supportive of their local schools, in all their diversity.
The state provides a “free and universally available” education system through taxpayer funding, but once again there is flexibility. For example, parents are often asked to make voluntary donations to state-funded schools, to enable that particular school to go beyond basic standards. That level of “voluntary” donation ranges from insignificant, to modest, and the attitude of the school can vary also, from treating the donation as truly voluntary and optional, to the sort of “volunteering” Sergeants Major in the Army use! At a local community level these issues can sometimes create controversy but on any international comparison the system is about as “free of cost and universally accessible” as anyone could reasonably expect.
Alongside and integrated with this state system are Church and privately funded schools which require varying financial contributions from parents depending on the individual philosophy or level of endowment of the school. In this part of the system there is wide variation in cost. For example, when controlled by churches, or well endowed, some very excellent private schools are close to free; while others may reach fee levels comparable to private schools overseas.
In the State sector, most Primary and Intermediate schools are mixed sex. Secondary Schools may be mixed or single sex and controversy always swirls around which are best. The Church and Private sectors tend more towards single sex schools, but there is no hard and fast rule.
Most schools are “day schools”; a few are residential; some offer associated “hostels” and some manage “home stay” programmes.
In addition to all the above there are three other parts of our system that need brief explanation.
There are a few schools that specialize in children with disabilities; but not many because New Zealand is committed to “mainstream integration”. Physically or intellectually handicapped children are usually given special support that allows them to be educated along with everyone else, or sometimes in “units” integrated within mainstream schools.
There are also schools where, by consent of local communities, education is undertaken in an environment of Maori language and cultural immersion. These schools still maintain the same curriculum standards and are often attended, by choice, by non-Maori children. The fact that they are sometimes called “Maori” schools, or have Maori names does not indicate any degree of separation, but simply of choice of cultural emphasis. Many see the bi-lingual outcomes of such schools as a distinct benefit.
There are 7 schools in New Zealand called “Middle Schools”. These are like “Intermediate” schools, but hold their students longer so that they are more mature before they enter the “Secondary” system. Supporters of this initiative are very positive about the benefits.
Dress codes vary, but a common model in the State Sector is for Primary schools to be relaxed about dress code (while often insisting on hats, for sun protection); Intermediates relatively firm on a uniform dress code, Secondary usually requiring a uniform but with some adopting a “liberal” stance. Where dress code is required, uniforms are normally based on low cost, durable, easily obtainable clothing. In the Private sector, uniforms tend to be more elaborate, distinctive and expensive.
The school year starts in late January / early February, and has four terms (not three as in many overseas systems). The dates vary from year to year to accommodate flexible Public Holidays like Easter but a rough guide is as follows:- (Remember, summer in NZ is December through March; winter is June through October)
Term one - Late Jan /Early Feb to Mid April
Term two- Early May to Early July
Term three- Late July to Late September
Term four- Early October to Mid December
From the third year at Secondary School (year 11, or sometimes still known in old terminology as “Vth Form”) students work towards units of a National Certificate of Educational Attainment (NCEA). This is a very flexible programme made up partly of external exam and partly of internal assessment. It is part of a “National Qualification Framework” that is designed to provide integrated educational incorporating Secondary Schooling, Trade Training and Tertiary Education that will empower life-long learning and the measurement of standards achieved rather than just exams passed.
Like most things to do with Education in New Zealand this system is, at once, forward looking and controversial, and has its supporters and distracters. Typically, to meet the desires of the traditionalists, New Zealand has allowed parallel systems to develop and some schools encourage students to pursue external examinations like the International Baccalaureate or Cambridge Exams. It is a matter of parental and student choice.
What binds this system together, and ensures it’s integrity from your child’s point of view, in spite of its diversity, is that all of the above parts work to agreed, government mandated, curriculum standards, and are independently overseen by a powerful and transparent Education Review Office.
Researching individual schools will sometimes be a little confusing at first, but it will be helpful if you think of the five parts mentioned above; Pre school, Primary, Intermediate, Secondary and Tertiary; and to then think of those parts existing side by side in state and non- state sectors.
As a general rule, Primary schools are very flexible. Staff tend to be student centered. Movement between classes and age groups is common. Fitting your child in will present few problems. The time of year is relatively unimportant, staff will fit programmes around children, and if, after settling in, it becomes apparent your child needs to move around a little to find his or her niche that will be seamlessly and sensitively achieved.
Schools often provide a child the very best school years because curriculum and staff motivation are focused on the pre-teen child and extracurricular programmes like music, sports and clubs flourish in this specialized setting. But the age group can be dynamite and it is often more difficult for new comers to fit in with established peer groups. While staff will always co-operate, it may pay to try to fit your Intermediate student into the start of a school year, or at least into the start of a term.
When it comes to schooling, staff focus often moves away from just pastoral care towards an equal or stronger focus on curriculum. Your decision of when, where and how to integrate your child will depend on your knowledge of your individual child and his or her strengths and weaknesses, both academically and in terms of their personality and maturity. Teen years can be a challenge and fitting in to a new environment can be either stressful or exciting, depending on the individual. Any Secondary school in New Zealand will welcome your visit, and will work constructively with you to help you make the best decision.
By the time your child is ready for education he or she will be a young adult. This briefing does not cover Tertiary education in detail, although the associated links, to the right, will give you access to a lot of information. There is a wide array of both private and public Universities and Tertiary Institutions in New Zealand, offering education from practical through trade training, Diplomas, Degrees and Post Graduate study. Loans are available to assist with most tertiary study, on which interest is deferred until after graduation. Standards of training vary, as they do all around the world with some having only average reputations to others that are internationally regarded as leading edge.
Our advice is to do your research and choose carefully. It is absolutely true to say that “New Zealand offers world class tertiary education”; but it is not true to say that just because a tertiary education provider is in New Zealand, that it is therefore necessarily world class. << back to top
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Here is a site that allows you to search for details about schools, by region. It includes Primary, Intermediate and Secondary schools in both the public and private sectors.
The major independent schools have an association.
This link on their site will connect you to individual sites of all their members.
Major Universities and Technical Institutes.
University of Auckland
Auckland University of Technology
Manukau Institute of Technology
University of Waikato
Massey University
University of Victoria
University of Canterbury
University of Otago
The above list is far from complete. Here is a link that gives access to a wide range of Tertiary Education providers.
The Education Review Office is the powerful independent body that provides the glue that holds the Primary, Intermediate and Secondary sectors together.
This web site is technical but you can use it to search ERO reviews of any school.
The New Zealand Qualifications Authority provides quality assurance over qualifications in New Zealand which in practice means over secondary schools and tertiary institutions. This web site is somewhat technical. |
New Zealand’s health system provides a high standard of care, at an overall cost which is modest by international standards. People who are accustomed to considering health systems based on either a “private, for profit” or a “public” basis will find our system takes a little getting used to, because it is a hybrid of those two, normally competing, models (with a few unique Kiwi bits thrown in).
The backbone of New Zealand’s health system is a network of “Health Boards”, organized by region, providing high quality hospital care and coordinated community health programmes. Services from these Health Boards are taxpayer funded and costs are not charged directly to patients who are New Zealanders. While, clearly, not every single regional hospital can provide world class services in every conceivable specialty, the system as a whole, (with patient transfers between facilities required in some cases), does do so, and is the primary reason for New Zealand’s international reputation for excellence in health care.
One of the ways the publicly funded, free system achieves its efficiency is by engaging in a degree of “rationing” of non-essential services that allows a private, fee-for-service hospital system to thrive alongside the “free” public system. If you are faced with an immediate life threatening illness or accident you will receive immediate world class care in the public system; but if faced by an “elective” (that is, not immediately life threatening) problem, say a hernia or varicose veins, you may find yourself on a “waiting list” for service in the public system, in which case you may elect to have immediate treatment in a private hospital. This private system is supported by a non-compulsory heath insurance industry, to which many New Zealanders subscribe. The growth of the private sector is not subject to Government control so, to a degree, the demand for urgency of any particular form of treatment can be a matter of perception or public opinion. For example, quite complex heart surgery may be undertaken in either the Public or Private sectors; depending on patient choice.
Doctors may work in either public or private systems, or even often in both, at the same time. Your specialist, available in his comfortable private rooms, on a fee-for-service basis, may be the same person whom you would see at the Public Hospital, for free, at a weekly clinic. The quality of care you receive will be first class, in either system; the difference will be the speed with which and the location at which, you receive treatment, if your condition is not life threatening.
Primary Health care (your local General Practitioner) is almost exclusively provided by the private sector. Your attendance at your local doctor is heavily subsidized by the taxpayer with the doctor retaining the right to charge you a little extra if he wishes. Some choose to exist entirely on their subsidy (providing you free care), others charge modest fees. Few charge fees at a level that would be regarded as normal in overseas systems. You can elect to take private insurance to cover the modest cost of these GP fees, if you wish. If you require referral to a specialist, your GP will normally give you the choice of being referred to a private or a public service.
Prescription charges are heavily subsidized by the taxpayer. If your doctor prescribes beyond approved lists you may find yourself incurring higher costs, but that is not true for most prescriptions. Once again, insurance can be used to cover all or part of these modest costs.
Whether you interface with the New Zealand health system because of an illness or an accident, you will get the same high quality of care. But behind the scenes, the way your costs are funded is different. In the case of illness the government funds the cost through the tax base. In the case of an accident, however, there is a unique New Zealand system based on the presumption that people do not mean to cause accidents and that suing each other makes lawyers rich but seldom fixes problems. New Zealanders have given away to right to sue each other for “causing” accidents and have placed the task of putting things right in the hands of a public corporation funded by a levy on salaries and the cost of licensing motor vehicles. When an injury occurs as a result of an accident, treatment occurs in the health system as described above but is funded by the Accident Compensation Corporation. Their interest continues through all stages of recovery and rehabilitation, to the provision, if necessary, of long term care and re training. The focus is on full rehabilitation, not cash compensation. ACC also accepts responsibility for accident prevention programmes and employers are incented to provide safe workplaces through variable levies based on accident records. This system applies whether the accident was work, home or sport related and irrespective of who “caused” it.
There is no special registration procedure you will need to follow. Just by being in New Zealand and by being in need of treatment, you will be accepted and cared for. (Although, see notes below, about temporary visitors). It is common sense to identify yourself to your General Practitioner of choice as soon as possible, especially if you have children. Give your health history and participate in the readily available publicly funded vaccination and primary health programmes.
Consider whether you and your family want health insurance or not, and if so, at what level. It is your choice, is not compulsory. Shop around for the plan that best suits your budget and circumstances.
Visitors to New Zealand will always be given treatment, if needed. If that is the result of an accident, our ACC scheme will cover the costs (but you will not have the right to sue.) If the treatment is needed as a result of illness, you will be asked to pay the costs you incur. (Except for residents of UK and Australia, in which case there are government to government reciprocal arrangements in place.) Travel insurance is strongly recommended for non-residents visiting New Zealand.
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